ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAWPDF电子书下载

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作者：
出版社：OREGON
出版年份：2009
ISBN：1841139157
页数：536 页

图书介绍：查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书上一篇：THE ABCS OF LEARNING DISABILITIES SECOND EDITION下一篇：Vagabondages : 52 《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW》目录 标签：

Part I Reinforcing Economic, Social and Cultural Rights1

1 The International Legal Protection of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights3

Ⅰ. Introduction3

Ⅱ. Human Rights Obligations under International Law6

A. Background6

B. Towards Some Definition9

C. Human Rights Obligations and Responsibilities17

D. Globalisation and ESC Rights18

E. Obligation of Conduct and Result in International Law22

Ⅲ. Tripartite Typology of Obligations23

A. Obligation to Respect23

B. Obligation to Protect24

C. Obligation to Fulfil25

D. Obligation to Recognise?26

Ⅳ. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights26

A. ICESCR桝doption and Ratification26

B. Overview of the ICESCR27

C. Treaty-Monitoring Body: CESCR and the Examination of State Reports28

D. A Complaints Procedure Under the ICESCR and the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR30

E. Substantive Rights38

F. Non-Derogability of ESC Rights39

G. Extra-Territorial Application42

V. Conclusion47

2 State Obligations under the ICESCR49

Ⅰ. Introduction49

Ⅱ. Article 2(1)50

A. Obligation to Take Steps…by All Appropriate Means’52

B. Obligation of Progressive Realisation58

C. Obligation to Utilise ‘Maximum Available Resources’61

D. Minimum Core obligations65

E. Obligations Regarding International Assistance and Co-operation69

F. The Application of International Co-operation and Assistance77

Ⅲ. Articles 2(2) and 3: Obligation to ‘guarantee’ Non-Discrimination and Promote Equality84

A. Prohibition of Discrimination85

B. Equality between Men and Women88

C. Eradication of De Jure and De Facto Discrimination90

D. Temporary Special Measures93

E. Discrimination by Non-State Actors96

Ⅳ. Article 2(3): Non-Nationals in Developing Countries97

V. Articles 4 and 5: Limitations on ESC Rights and Safeguards Against Abuse100

VI. Conclusion102

3 Non-State Actors and the ICESCR105

Ⅰ. Introduction105

Ⅱ. Definition of Non-State Actor108

Ⅲ. State Obligation to Protect against Human Rights Violations by Non-State Actors109

A. State Obligation to Protect109

B. Protection against Discrimination115

C. Global Actors/Institutions117

D. Remedies against Violations by Non-State Actors119

Ⅳ. Direct Human Rights Responsibilities of Non-State Actors with Respect to ESC Rights121

A. Responsibilities of NSAs in International Human Rights Instruments122

B. The IMF, World Bank and Human Rights128

C. The WTO and Human Rights136

D. Corporations and Human Rights142

Ⅴ. Conclusion144

4 The Domestic Protection of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights149

Ⅰ. Introduction149

Ⅱ. The ICESCR on the National Plane151

Ⅲ. Examples of the Application of the ICESCR on the National Plane156

A. United Kingdom156

B. South Africa164

C. Uganda173

D. Italy181

E. India185

Ⅳ. Towards an Effective Domestic Application of the ICESCR:The Role of Independent National Human Rights Institutions190

Ⅴ. Conclusion201

5 State Reservations to the ICESCR203

Ⅰ. Introduction203

Ⅱ. Permissible Reservations to the ICESCR and the Effect of an Invalid Reservation208

A. Permissible Reservations Under the ICESCR:The ‘Object And Purpose’ Test208

B. Effect of an Invalid Reservation211

Ⅲ. Questionable Reservations Made to the ICESCR218

A. Kuwait’s Reservations219

B. Pakistan Reservations226

C. Turkey Reservations232

Ⅳ. Reservation by other States: Examples from Africa and Europe236

A. Reservations by African States236

B. Reservations by European States238

Ⅴ. Conclusion241

6 Women’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights245

Ⅰ. Introduction245

Ⅱ. Background and Context247

Ⅲ. Human Rights of Women to Equality and Non-Discrimination:African Experiences249

A. The ACHPR and the Rights of Women in Africa250

B. Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa252

C. The State of Women’s Rights in Africa in Practice257

Ⅳ. Prejudicial Cultural Practices and Customs as an Obstacle to the Realisation of Women’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Africa258

A. African Culture in General258

B. Right to Inheritance263

C. Right to Equality and Polygamous Marriages268

D. Right to Equality and Divorce275

Ⅴ. Conclusion: the Duty to Uproot Cultural Obstacles to Enhance Women’s Enjoyment of ESC Rights277

Part II Substantive Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Selected Examples281

7 Right to Work and Rights in Work: Articles 6 and 7283

Ⅰ. Introduction284

Ⅱ. Non-Discrimination and Equal Protection of Employment285

A. Non-nationals288

B. Equal Remuneration of Men and Women294

Ⅲ. Freedom from Slavery, Forced and Compulsory Labour297

A. General Overview297

B. Protection against Exploitative Child Labour300

Ⅳ. Conclusion310

8 The Right to Health: Article 12313

Ⅰ. Introduction313

Ⅱ. The International Protection of the Right to Health316

Ⅲ. Scope and Content of the Right to Health324

A. The Right to Healthcare325

B. Underlying Determinants of Health327

Ⅳ. State Obligations Regarding the Right to Health331

A. Availability331

B. Accessibility331

C. Acceptability and Quality334

Ⅴ. Levels of Obligations335

A. Obligation to Respect the Right to Health336

B. Obligation to Protect the Right to Health339

C. Obligation to Fulfil the Right to Health340

Ⅵ. Minimum Core Obligations of the Right to Health341

Ⅶ. Justiciability of the Right to Health343

A. General Overview343

B. Progressive Realisation and Resource Availability348

C. Immediate Obligations348

D. Available, Accessible, Acceptable and of Good Quality349

E. Reproductive Rights and Freedom from Non-consensual Sterilisation351

Ⅷ. Conclusion353

9 The Right to Education: Articles 13 and 14355

Ⅰ. Introduction356

Ⅱ. International Protection of the Right to Education359

Ⅲ. Scope and Content of the Right to Education376

A. Scope and Content376

B. Levels of Education377

Ⅳ. Human Rights Obligations in the Context of Education386

A. Making Education Available, Accessible, Acceptable and Adaptable386

B. Levels of State Obligations: Respect, Protect and Fulfil388

Ⅴ. Conclusion398

10 Conclusion: Towards a World Court of Human Rights401

Appendices407

Appendix A: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights407

Appendix B: Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights415

Appendix C: States Parties to the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights422

Appendix D: A List of the General Comments of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights427

Appendix E: Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Maastricht, 2-6 June 1986430

Appendix F: Maastricht Guidelines on Violations of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Maastricht, 22-26 January 1997441

Appendix G: Montreal Principles on Women’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights448

Appendix H: Declarations and Reservations to the ICESCR and Objections462

Appendix I: Guidelines on Treaty-Specific Documents to be Submitted by States Parties under Articles 16 and 17 of The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights494

Appendix J: List of Least Developed Countries505

Selected Bibliography507

Index521

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摘要：本文以《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW.pdf电子书版文档下载》为中心，详细阐述了经济、社会和文化权利在国际法中的地位、内涵、实施与挑战。文章首先概述了该文档的背景和重要性，接着从权利界定、实施机制、国际合作与挑战四个方面进行了深入探讨，旨在为我国在国际法领域维护和促进经济、社会和文化权利提供理论参考。

1、权利界定

《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW.pdf电子书版文档下载》首先明确了经济、社会和文化权利的概念和内涵。经济权利包括工作权、财产权、社会保障权等；社会权利包括教育权、卫生权、住房权等；文化权利包括参与文化生活的权利、享受文化成果的权利等。这些权利不仅包括基本生存和发展权利，还包括参与社会和文化生活的权利。

在权利界定方面，该文档强调了权利的普遍性、平等性和不可分割性。普遍性意味着这些权利适用于所有人，不分种族、性别、宗教、国籍等；平等性意味着所有人享有平等的权利，不得因任何歧视而剥夺；不可分割性意味着这些权利相互关联，不可分割。

此外，该文档还指出，经济、社会和文化权利的实现需要国家承担相应的义务，包括制定和实施相关法律、政策和措施，保障公民享有这些权利。

2、实施机制

《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW.pdf电子书版文档下载》详细介绍了经济、社会和文化权利的实施机制。首先，国家应通过立法、行政和司法等手段保障这些权利的实现。其次，国际组织和国际法院等国际机构在监督和促进这些权利的实现方面发挥着重要作用。

在实施机制方面，该文档强调了以下几方面：一是建立权利保障机制，包括建立权利保障机构、制定权利保障法规等；二是加强国际合作，通过国际援助、技术交流等方式促进权利的实现；三是发挥民间组织的积极作用，鼓励和支持民间组织参与权利保障工作。

此外，该文档还指出，权利实施过程中应注重人权教育和宣传，提高公民的权利意识和维权能力。

3、国际合作

《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW.pdf电子书版文档下载》强调了国际合作在保障经济、社会和文化权利方面的重要性。在国际合作方面，该文档提出了以下建议：一是加强国际人权立法，制定和完善国际人权公约；二是加强国际人权监督，通过国际人权机构对各国人权状况进行监督；三是加强国际人权援助，通过技术援助、资金援助等方式支持发展中国家人权事业的发展。

此外，该文档还指出，国际合作应遵循以下原则：一是尊重国家主权，尊重各国自主选择人权发展道路；二是平等互利，各国在人权领域应相互尊重、平等协商；三是共同但有区别的责任，发达国家应承担更多的责任和义务。

国际合作是实现经济、社会和文化权利的重要途径，各国应共同努力，推动人权事业的发展。

4、挑战与对策

《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW.pdf电子书版文档下载》分析了当前国际法领域在经济、社会和文化权利方面面临的挑战，如人权侵犯、贫富差距、文化冲突等。针对这些挑战，该文档提出了以下对策：一是加强人权教育和宣传，提高公民的权利意识和维权能力；二是完善人权保障机制，加强国际人权监督；三是加强国际合作，共同应对挑战。

此外，该文档还指出，各国应加强国内立法，确保经济、社会和文化权利的实现；同时，各国应积极参与国际人权事务，共同推动人权事业的发展。

总结：

《ECONOMIC SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW.pdf电子书版文档下载》对经济、社会和文化权利在国际法中的地位、内涵、实施与挑战进行了全面、深入的探讨。文章认为，经济、社会和文化权利是实现人权的基石，各国应共同努力，推动人权事业的发展。

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