International Environmental LawPDF电子书下载
其他书籍
- 作 者：Beyerlin
- 出 版 社：Hart Publishing Limited;International Specialized Book Services [Distributor]
- 出版年份：2011
- ISBN：1841139241;1841139246
- 页数：452 页
图书介绍： 查看图书目录点击购买PDF全本电子书 上一篇：VECTOR TARGETING FOR THERAPEUTIC GENE DELIVERY下一篇：BRENNER & RECTOR’S THE KIDNEY 9TH EDITION VOLUME 2 《International Environmental Law》目录 标签：
Ⅰ Historical Development1
1 From the Beginnings of International Environmental Law to the Stockholm Conference （1972）3
1.1 Early Stages and the Interwar Period3
1.2 From 1945 to 19724
2 From Stockholm to the Rio Conference （1992）7
2.1 The Stockholm Conference7
2.2 Impacts of the North-South Divide on International Environmental Law8
2.3 International Treaty Practice since 197210
2.4 Other Activities11
3 From Rio to the Johannesburg Conference （2002）13
3.1 The Rio Conference13
3.2 Rio Outcomes14
3.2.1 The Concept of ‘Sustainable Development’15
3.2.2 Legally Non-Binding Instruments16
3.2.3 Multilateral Environmental Agreements （MEAs）18
3.2.4 Institutional Innovations18
3.2.5 Rio Evaluated19
3.3 Post-Rio Process19
4 Johannesburg and Beyond23
4.1 The Johannesburg Summit23
4.2 Johannesburg Outcomes23
4.2.1 ‘Type 1 Outcome’： The Political Declaration and the Plan of Implementation24
4.2.2 ‘Type 2 Outcome’： Partnership Initiatives25
4.2.3 Johannesburg Evaluated26
4.3 From Johannesburg to Copenhagen （2009）27
Ⅱ Key Concepts in International Environmental Law31
5 ‘Key Concepts’： Meaning， Underlying Ideas and Classification33
5.1 ‘Key Concepts’ of International Environmental Law： Meaning and Role33
5.2 Ethical Sources of International Environmental Law Key Concepts35
5.2.1 Solidarity35
5.2.2 Justice36
5.3 Classification of International Environmental Law Norms37
6 ‘No Harm’39
6.1 Historical Development39
6.2 Function and Normative Quality40
6.3 Substantive Obligations41
6.3.1 Preventing Significant Transboundary Harm41
6.3.2 No Balancing of Interests42
6.3.3 Disregard of ‘Due Diligence’42
6.3.4 Standard and Burden of Proof43
6.3.5 Status44
6.4 Procedural Obligations44
6.4.1 Contents and Scope44
6.4.2 Status45
6.5 Breach of the ‘No Harm’ Rule45
7 Precautionary Action47
7.1 Historical Development47
7.2 References to Precautionary Action in International Environmental Practice49
7.2.1 Multilateral Environmental Agreements49
7.2.2 Decisions of International Courts51
7.3 Conception and Meaning52
7.4 Effects54
7.5 Normative Quality and Status55
8 Polluter Pays57
8.1 Origin57
8.2 Applicability and Meaning58
8.3 Normative Quality and Status59
9 Common but Differentiated Responsibilities61
9.1 Historical Development of CBDR61
9.2 Underlying Ideas and Conceptual Approach of CBDR63
9.3 Interpretation of CBDR64
9.4 CBDR in International Environmental Treaty Practice66
9.4.1 Reference to CBDR in Single MEAs66
9.4.2 Conditionality of Environmental Protection and Compliance Assistance？69
9.5 Normative Quality and Status69
9.6 CBDR and Future North-South Co-operation70
10 Sustainable Development73
10.1 Historical Development73
10.2 Meaning and Function76
10.3 Normative Quality and Status79
10.4 Sustainable Use—A Special Emanation of Sustainable Development82
10.5 Sustainable Development—An Approach for Bridging the North-South Divide83
Ⅲ Key Issues in Current International Environmental Law85
11 Freshwater Resources87
11.1 Survey87
11.2 Case Law92
11.3 General Instruments94
11.3.1 The UN Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses94
11.3.2 The UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes96
11.3.3 The 2008 Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers98
11.4 Specific Instruments99
11.4.1 Africa99
11.4.2 America102
11.4.3 Asia105
11.4.4 Europe107
11.4.5 Middle East111
11.5 Conclusions112
12 Oceans and Marine Resources115
12.1 Survey115
12.2 The Legal Framework： UNCLOS118
12.3 Protection of the Marine Environment121
12.3.1 State of the Marine Environment121
12.3.2 All Types of Pollution122
12.3.3 Pollution from Ships126
12.3.4 Pollution by Dumping of Wastes128
12.3.5 Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Atmospheric Pollution129
12.3.6 Pollution from Sea-Bed Activities130
12.3.7 Intervention in Case of Marine Pollution Incidents132
12.4 Conservation and Management of Marine Living Resources133
12.4.1 State of the Marine Living Resources133
12.4.2 Fish134
12.4.3 Mammals138
12.5 Conclusions140
13 Air， Ozone， Climate and Outer Space145
13.1 Survey145
13.2 Transboundary Air Pollution149
13.2.1 LRTAP Convention and Related Protocols149
13.2.2 Canada-US Air Quality Agreement153
13.3 Ozone Layer Depletion154
13.3.1 Ozone Convention154
13.3.2 Montreal Protocol155
13.4 Global Climate Change159
13.4.1 Climate Change Convention159
13.4.2 Kyoto Protocol160
13.4.3 From Kyoto to Copenhagen： Building a Post-2012 Climate Protection Regime164
13.5 Outer Space Activities and Environmental Protection171
13.6 Conclusions173
14 Flora， Fauna and Biological Diversity177
14.1 Survey177
14.2 Flora and Fauna181
14.2.1 The Protection of Habitat181
14.2.2 Regulating Trade in Endangered Species： CITES184
14.2.3 Protecting Migratory Species188
14.2.4 Other Instruments190
14.3 Biological Diversity192
14.3.1 The Biodiversity Convention192
14.3.2 Access and Benefit-Sharing： Bonn Guidelines and Nagoya Protocol196
14.3.3 The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources198
14.3.4 Trading Genetic Material： The Biosafety Protocol200
14.4 Forests201
14.5 Soil205
14.6 Conclusions209
15 Wastes and Hazardous Substances211
15.1 Survey211
15.2 Control of Transboundary Movements of Wastes215
15.2.1 The Basel Convention215
15.2.2 The Bamako Convention218
15.3 International Regulation of Hazardous Substances219
15.3.1 The Rotterdam Convention219
15.3.2 The Stockholm Convention221
15.3.3 Conventions on Nuclear Materials222
15.4 Conclusions224
16 Procedural Environmental Obligations227
16.1 Basic Observations227
16.2 Information， Notification and Consultation in Interstate Relations227
16.2.1 Situations of Likely Transboundary Environmental Harm228
16.2.2 Situations of Transboundary Environmental Emergency228
16.3 Environmental Impact Assessment （EIA）230
16.4 Participatory Rights of Non-Governmental Actors234
16.4.1 ‘Public Participation’ in General234
16.4.2 The Aarhus Convention236
16.5 Conclusions239
Ⅳ International Environmental Governance Ⅰ：‘Setting the Rules of the Game’241
17 International Environmental Governance243
17.1 Theoretical Premises and Policy Framework243
17.2 Actors245
17.2.1 States247
17.2.2 International Organisations249
17.2.3 Treaty Bodies253
17.2.4 Private Actors255
17.3 Forms of Action256
17.3.1 Law-Making， Implementation and Ways to Ensure Compliance256
17.3.2 Treaty-Based Legislative Environmental Governance258
17.3.3 Treaty-Based Administrative Environmental Governance259
17.4 Multilevel Governance261
18 International Environmental Treaty-Making and Treaty Regime-Building265
18.1 Treaty Negotiation and Treaty Conclusion in General265
18.1.1 Procedural Aspects265
18.1.2 Substantive Aspects267
18.2 Levels of Treaty-Making268
18.3 Regulatory Approaches to Treaty-Making269
18.3.1 ‘Framework Convention and Protocol Approach’270
18.3.2 ‘Convention and Annexes Approach’272
18.4 Simplified Amendment Procedures Regarding Treaties， Protocols and Annexes273
18.4.1 Amendments of Treaties and Protocols273
18.4.2 Amendments and Adjustments of Annexes274
18.4.3 COPS’ Decision-Making Procedures275
18.5 Conflicts between Different MEAs and Their Settlement277
18.5.1 Parallel， Overlapping and Conflicting MEAs277
18.5.2 Article 30 VCLT； Lex Posterior and Lex Specialis； Harmonising Treaty Interpretation278
18.5.3 Treaty Co-ordination by Means of Interinstitutional Co-operation279
19 Customary International Environmental Law； Environmental Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes281
19.1 Customary International Law in General281
19.1.1 Meaning and Function of Customary International Law281
19.1.2 Formation of Customary International Law282
19.2 Customary International Environmental Law283
19.2.1 The Dynamics of Customary International Environmental Law283
19.2.2 Examples of Existing or Emerging Rules of Customary International Environmental Law285
19.3 Environmental Jus Cogens and Obligations Erga Omnes286
20 International Environmental ‘Soft Law’289
20.1 Theoretical Premises289
20.2 Legally Non-Binding Agreements between States291
20.3 Interinstitutional Non-Legal Arrangements294
20.4 Recommendations of International Organisations295
21 Private Environmental Governance299
21.1 Introduction299
21.2 Contribution of Private Actors to International Environmental Law-Making299
21.2.1 NGO Involvement in Environmental Treaty-Making300
21.2.2 Private Actor Contributions to the Development of Non-Treaty Norms301
21.3 Environmental Standard-Setting302
21.3.1 Distinguishing Environmental Standards from Environmental Law-Making302
21.3.2 Categorising Standards304
21.3.3 Ensuring Compliance with Private Standards306
21.3.4 Inherent Limitations of Private Standard-Setting307
21.4 International Environmental Partnerships308
21.4.1 The Emergence of Partnerships in International Environmental Law308
21.4.2 Partnerships in Practice310
21.4.3 Assessing the Contribution of Partnerships to International Environmental Governance313
Ⅴ International Environmental Governance Ⅱ： Ensuring Compliance315
22 Compliance Control317
22.1 Compliance Control and Assistance as ‘Active Treaty Management’317
22.2 The Legal Basis of Compliance-Control Procedures321
22.3 The Procedural Framework325
22.3.1 Trigger Mechanisms326
22.3.2 Verification328
22.3.3 Evaluation330
22.3.4 Measures in Response to Non-Compliance332
22.3.5 Procedural Principles and Safeguards333
22.4 Institutional Setting336
22.5 Conclusions339
23 Compliance Assistance343
23.1 The Concept of Compliance Assistance343
23.2 Typology345
23.2.1 Capacity-Building345
23.2.2 Transfer of Technology346
23.2.3 Financial Mechanisms348
23.3 Conditionality of Assistance349
23.4 Institutional Setting351
23.4.1 Tailor-Made Institutions351
23.4.2 The Global Environment Facility353
23.5 Conclusions357
24 Responsibility and Liability359
24.1 Introduction359
24.2 State Responsibility361
24.2.1 2001 ILC Draft Articles361
24.2.2 Case Law364
24.3 State Liability366
24.4 Civil Liability368
24.4.1 Oil Pollution and Other Hazardous Substances369
24.4.2 Nuclear Energy371
24.4.3 Wastes373
24.4.4 The 1993 Liability Convention373
24.5 Conclusions374
25 Environmental Dispute Settlement377
25.1 Survey377
25.2 Non-Judicial Dispute Settlement378
25.3 Judicial Dispute Settlement379
25.3.1 The ICJ and Other Permanent International Courts380
25.3.2 International Arbitration382
25.3.3 Quasi-Judicial Dispute Settlement383
25.4 Dispute Settlement and Compliance Control386
Ⅵ Relationship between International Environmental Law and Other Areas of International Law389
26 Environmental Protection and Human Rights391
26.1 Environmental Human Rights Protection in General391
26.2 Environmental Human Rights Protection in Practice393
26.2.1 United Nations393
26.2.2 Africa395
26.2.3 Americas396
26.2.4 Asia398
26.2.5 Europe399
26.3 Environmental Rights of Indigenous Peoples402
26.4 Rights of Environmental Migrants405
27 Environmental Protection and International Peace and Security411
27.1 Peace， Security and the Environment： A Multifaceted Relationship411
27.2 The Law of Armed Conflict412
27.2.1 Treaty Law Applicable to International Armed Conflicts413
27.2.2 Customary Law Applicable to International Armed Conflicts416
27.2.3 The Law Applicable to Non-International Armed Conflicts417
27.3 The Applicability of MEAs in Times of Armed Conflict417
27.4 Environmental Impact of Arms Control and Disarmament Obligations418
27.5 Conclusions419
28 Environmental Protection and International Economic Law423
28.1 Conflict or Complementarity？423
28.2 WTO Law424
28.2.1 The Development of WTO Law424
28.2.2 The GATT Treaty Framework426
28.2.3 Case Law Related to Article XX GATT427
28.2.4 The TBT and the SPS Agreements430
28.2.5 The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment432
28.2.6 The Relationship between WTO Agreements and MEAs433
28.3 Trade Issues beyond the WTO435
28.4 International Financial Institutions437
28.5 Conclusions437
Ⅶ Perspectives439
Current State of Global Environmental Co-operation439
Reasons for Deficient Environmental Co-operation440
North-South Dichotomy440
Current Challenges and Trends in Global Environmental Co-operation441
Ensuring More Effective Treaty Compliance443
Ways and Means to Enhance International Environmental Law444
Index447
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